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2020
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Basic knowledge of CNC cutting tools
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Basic knowledge of CNC cutting tools
Requirements for cutting tool materials for CNC machine tools
1. High hardness and wear resistance
The hardness of the cutting part of the tool must be higher than the hardness of the workpiece material. The higher the hardness of the tool material, the better its wear resistance. The hardness of the tool material at room temperature should be above HRC62.
2. Adequate strength and toughness
The cutting tool undergoes significant pressure during excessive cutting, sometimes working under impact and vibration conditions. To prevent the tool from collapsing and breaking, the tool material must have sufficient strength and toughness. Generally, the strength of the tool material is represented by bending strength, and the toughness of the tool material is represented by impact value.
3. High heat resistance
Heat resistance refers to the performance of tool materials to maintain hardness, wear resistance, strength, and toughness at high temperatures. It is the main indicator to measure the cutting performance of tool materials, and this performance is also known as the red hardness of tool materials.
4. Good thermal conductivity
The larger the thermal conductivity of the tool material, the more heat the tool emits, which is beneficial for reducing the cutting temperature of the tool and improving its durability.
5. Good craftsmanship
In order to facilitate the processing and manufacturing of tools, tool materials are required to have good process performance, such as forging, rolling, welding, cutting and grindability, heat treatment characteristics and high-temperature plastic deformation performance of tool materials. For carbide and ceramic tool materials, good sintering and pressure forming performance is also required.
Type of tool material
1. High speed steel
High speed steel is an alloy tool steel composed of alloy elements such as W, Cr, Mo, etc. It has high thermal stability, high strength and toughness, as well as certain hardness and wear resistance, making it suitable for processing non-ferrous metals and various metal materials. Moreover, due to its excellent processing technology, high-speed steel is suitable for manufacturing complex forming tools, especially powder metallurgy high-speed steel, which has anisotropic mechanical properties and reduces quenching deformation, Suitable for manufacturing precision and complex forming tools.
2. Hard alloy
Hard alloys have high hardness and wear resistance, better cutting performance than high-speed steel, and durability is several to tens of times that of high-speed steel, but their impact toughness is poor. Due to its excellent cutting performance, it is widely used as a tool material.
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